Using new citrus tech gets back to basics in north Queensland

Helicopter pilot, Wim Van Niekerk, began farming in 2016 when his father, Kosie, presented him with the opportunity to take over a Dimbulah farm he purchased the previous year.

Kosie first visited Australia in 2010 to investigate opportunities outside South Africa - driving from Perth up to far north Queensland.

Dimbulah appealed from both a business sense, due to the opportunities the seasonal production timeframes can open up, and in terms of lifestyle, as it was similar to their community in South Africa.

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When Wim took over the farm in 2016 after a career as a helicopter pilot, the block had 25 hectares of Tahitian limes, which were four months old.

The rest of the 120ha farm comprised Rhodes grass and Lucerne.

At only 27 years old now, and with no previous farming experience, Mr Van Niekerk approached his neighbours for advice on growing lemons and limes.

He learnt much about farming and running a business from his father, and regularly speaks with him. But his father had very little experience in citrus.

"In Dimbulah, I take my hat off to them," he said.

"There are a lot of open people. I visited the biggest lemons farmers in Dimbulah, sat with them, asked them to walk through the orchards with me, and explain how it works.

"That's how I got most of my farming knowledge in Dimbulah.

"They were very receptive and opened up and told me everything. They were a really great help."

Over a two year period, a further 75 hectares of lemons were planted. The farm now comprises 40,000 trees - 24,000 seedless 2PH Eureka; 6000 seeded Eureka; and, 10,000 Tahitian limes.

Mr Van Niekerk, who farms with his wife Demi and has two employees, designed the liquid fertiliser station situated on farm, and trickles it into his drip irrigation system daily.

He described the drip irrigation system as basic, albeit with pressure compensating emitters.

The system utilises two 16mm drip lines for each row with 600mm spacings delivering two litres/hour.

The entire farm can be watered in 12 hours if trees receive 100 litres/day.

"Drip irrigation gives us a 40-45 per cent saving in water, compared to using micro-sprinklers. I can put 900L on a tree in a week because there is no evaporation, rather than 1400L using micro-sprinklers," Wim said.

Mr Van Niekerk said there was limited drip irrigation in Dimbulah and his neighbours are now asking him to share his knowledge.

"At the end of the day, it's very satisfying when those people phone me and ask me questions because it's working well," he said.

A 30 kilowatt solar system installed on the shed roof can run the pump for 12 hours a day without using power from the grid.

Mr Van Niekerk said drip irrigation enable him to gain further efficiencies from the solar power system.

"Cost management is where you'll make your returns in business and if you can do 12 hours and only pump during the day with a big solar system on the shed roof, you're cutting your electricity bills in half," he said.

"We can irrigate when people are picking during the day. You can't run micro-sprinklers during the day, as it will wet their shoes.

"The moment you inject liquid fertiliser at midday, when trees are soaking up water, means it is absorbed straight away. It gives you an edge over pumping at night."

Liquid fertiliser is applied daily through drip irrigation, creating feeder roots at the drip emitter.

"It's essentially a hydroponic system because you are putting fertiliser right on the feeder roots," he said.

The fertigation system includes two large tanks with 60,000 litre swimming pool pumps to agitate and keep it in suspension. Injection pumps run from the tanks.

The system was designed with two tanks to cater for separate programs for limes and lemons, but it also provides flexibility, especially for lemon production.

"The second tank is particularly helpful for potassium, which can be difficult to make into liquid fertiliser as it's not that soluble. I can do potassium in one tank and all my other elements in the second," Mr Van Niekerk said.

"Or if I'm putting trace elements down, I can do one tank with trace elements, schedule my computer to inject those first, and then release all the other fertilisers from the second tank."

Mr Van Niekerk said the fertigation program, which changes six times throughout the year, would be very labour intensive if his system was not automated.

Mr Van Niekerk sets the program up through Netafim software on a Netafim NMC Pro computer.

A Netafim remote connects to the irrigation computer.

He uses the TeamViewer mobile app on his phone to monitor the system. Issues like burst pipes or faulty valves signal alarms.

He also physically checks the pump shed once a week to ensure it is running smoothly.

"I can take 'x' amount of litres out of either tank, I can inject both tanks at the same time, inject feritliser, open valves...all through the computer," he said.

"You can set it up to the last millilitre of what you want to do. At the end of the day, the possibilities are endless."

The farm is currently producing 70,000 cartons of limes and between 45-50,000 cartons of lemons with all sold into the domestic market.

Limes are produced 12 months of the year for cash flow.

The business aim is to produce between 350-400,000 cartons of lemons and 100-150,000 cartons of limes, with the majority for export.

Export registration will be completed in March with some fruit to be exported this year to test the market.

There will be sufficient volume to export to the level Mr Van Niekerk wants in 2022.

He will use the next few years to work with contacts he has known for many years in South Africa.

"I believe Australia has an edge over every other country in the world. Asia is on our doorstep and they prefer Australian fruit," he said.

"We have the golden ticket when it comes to exports but we need to take the opportunity and develop it."